Complex and Dynamic Business World Free Essays

â€Å"The business world has become more complex and more dynamic. Planning tools are designed for stable environments. Therefore, planning should be abandoned. We will write a custom essay sample on Complex and Dynamic Business World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Please, comment on this statement. † 1035 Words 2 I. Introduction In today’s increasingly dynamic and complex business world, it is important to decide whether to use and trust in planning tools or if one should abandon them because they are made for more stable environments. This essay will give an overview of the planning tools and techniques that exist for assessing the environment. It will discuss the use of planning tools in a complex and dynamic business world. The statement that planning should be abandoned in a complex and dynamic business world will be discussed in the following. II. Main Body â€Å"A plan describes the chosen solution to a problem and lists what has to be done to achieve the goal† (Landau, 2012). We can categorize planning into three parts. During the first part goals have to be defined. In the second part the corresponding strategies have to be established. The third part focuses on finalising the plans. â€Å"Managers use planning tools and techniques to help their organizations be more efficient and effective. (Robbins Coulter, 2009) In a volatile and dynamic environment managers should not rely on planning. They should use planning as an indicator of what could potentially happen in the future and consequently try to restructure their organization in order to cope with market uncertainty. To do so, the managerial establishment has developed several techniques. One technique to assess the business environmen t is environmental scanning, which fundamentally consists of competitor intelligence and global scanning. Environmental scanning helps to foresee and decode changes in the environment via screening a lot of information. By applying this technique organizations are more likely to predict issues and concerns that could affect their current or planned activities right. Research results show that organizations that use this technique have a higher performance (according to Robbins Coulter, 2011, pp. 276f. ). One part of the environmental scanning is competitor intelligence. In this process organizations gather information concerning their competitors. The information will be compiled by asking questions about their competitors such as â€Å"Who are they? †, â€Å"What are they doing? and â€Å"How will what they are doing affect us? †. 3 â€Å"Competitor intelligence experts suggest that 80 percent of what managers need to know about competitors can be found out from their own employees, suppliers, and customers. † (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 277) Although this statistic indicates that collecting competitor intelligence can be achieved through the utilization of an organisationâ⠂¬â„¢s extended network, competitor intelligence can be seen as a problematic subject as it often features a fine line between ethical and unethical. Another part of environmental scanning is global scanning, which is important for organizations with global activities. In a complex and dynamic environment managers broaden their view to gather global information. â€Å"For instance, they can subscribe to information clipping services that review world newspapers and business periodicals and provide summaries of desired information (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 277). One can say that this technique is very suitable for an unstable and dynamic environment, because it helps to foresee the environment and consequentially helps to realign, if necessary, the organizational goals and plans. On the other hand, gathered information can be interpreted wrongly, which can trigger a chain-reaction from wrong forcasting to wrong goals and plans. A second technique to evaluate the environment is forecasting. Forecasting is a prediction of outcomes, which will help to identify events that will happen in the future. The common consent about this method is that is effective and time efficient. The ultimate goal of forecasting is to facilitate decision making through gathering information. There are two different forecasting techniques. One is quantitative forecasting, which is preferred when sufficient and hard data is given. It is based on historical data and tries to predict outcomes. The other one is qualitative forecasting, which uses personal judgment and knowledge to predict outcomes. This technique is used when hard data is limited or hard to gather. â€Å"First, it’s important to understand that forecasting techniques are most accurate when the environment is not rapidly changing. The more dynamic the environment, the more likely managers are to forecast ineffectively. † (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 79) 4 However, forecasting lacks the ability to effectively predict events like recessions or the actions of competitors. That leads to the assumption that organizations shouldn’t rely on a single forecasting method, but should use several models to be on the safer side. But the challenge for managers is to interpret and then implement the information into the planning decisions. Finally orga nizations must remember that forecasting, as a marginal skill, can be trained and improved. A third technique to assess the environment is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a tool to improve an organizations performance by adapting outstanding practices from the top organizations within the environment. Studies verify the statement, â€Å"that users have achieved 69 percent faster growth and 45 percent greater productivity† (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 279) when using benchmarking. Benchmarking can be seen as a four step approach. It starts with the forming of a benchmarking planning team. The second step continues with the gathering of information and external data. Thirdly, when all data is gathered the analysis to identify performance gaps takes place. The last step is the preparing and implementing of an action plan. (Based on Y. K. Shetty, â€Å"Aiming high: Competitive Benchmarking for Superior Performance,† Long Range Planning, February 1993, p. 42) Managers use benchmarking as a tool to approach the leading position of their competitors without overtaking them. And if all organizations work inefficiently it won’t be revealed. So this technique should not be followed in a dynamic environment, because it increases the likelihood that a manager will ‘copy’ the mistakes others make. So one can say â€Å"Plans serve as a road map, although the destination may change due to dynamic market conditions† (Robbins Coulter, 2009, p. 170). III. Conclusion To sum up, one can say that planning is very helpful and necessary but it can be misleading. No matter how many planning tools managers use, they can only plan effectively if they understand how planning in dynamic environment works. They have to keep in mind that planning should only be used as an indicator of what could potentially happen in the future. I believe that planning should not be abandoned, but improved. 5 IV. References Robbins Coulter, S. P. R. M. C. , (2009). ‘Planning’. In: Pearson International Edition (ed), Management. 10th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.. pp. (133-174). Robbins Coulter, S. P. R. M. C. , (2011). ‘Planning’. In: Pearson Global Edition (ed), Management. 11th ed. : Pearson Education, Inc.. pp. (204-276). Prof. Dr. Christian Landau, Principles of Management, 24. Sep. 2012 (Session 2), EBS Universitat fur Wirtschaft und Recht, Oestrich-Winkel How to cite Complex and Dynamic Business World, Papers Complex and Dynamic Business World Free Essays â€Å"The business world has become more complex and more dynamic. Planning tools are designed for stable environments. Therefore, planning should be abandoned. We will write a custom essay sample on Complex and Dynamic Business World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Please, comment on this statement. † 1035 Words 2 I. Introduction In today’s increasingly dynamic and complex business world, it is important to decide whether to use and trust in planning tools or if one should abandon them because they are made for more stable environments. This essay will give an overview of the planning tools and techniques that exist for assessing the environment. It will discuss the use of planning tools in a complex and dynamic business world. The statement that planning should be abandoned in a complex and dynamic business world will be discussed in the following. II. Main Body â€Å"A plan describes the chosen solution to a problem and lists what has to be done to achieve the goal† (Landau, 2012). We can categorize planning into three parts. During the first part goals have to be defined. In the second part the corresponding strategies have to be established. The third part focuses on finalising the plans. â€Å"Managers use planning tools and techniques to help their organizations be more efficient and effective. (Robbins Coulter, 2009) In a volatile and dynamic environment managers should not rely on planning. They should use planning as an indicator of what could potentially happen in the future and consequently try to restructure their organization in order to cope with market uncertainty. To do so, the managerial establishment has developed several techniques. One technique to assess the business environmen t is environmental scanning, which fundamentally consists of competitor intelligence and global scanning. Environmental scanning helps to foresee and decode changes in the environment via screening a lot of information. By applying this technique organizations are more likely to predict issues and concerns that could affect their current or planned activities right. Research results show that organizations that use this technique have a higher performance (according to Robbins Coulter, 2011, pp. 276f. ). One part of the environmental scanning is competitor intelligence. In this process organizations gather information concerning their competitors. The information will be compiled by asking questions about their competitors such as â€Å"Who are they? †, â€Å"What are they doing? and â€Å"How will what they are doing affect us? †. 3 â€Å"Competitor intelligence experts suggest that 80 percent of what managers need to know about competitors can be found out from their own employees, suppliers, and customers. † (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 277) Although this statistic indicates that collecting competitor intelligence can be achieved through the utilization of an organisationâ⠂¬â„¢s extended network, competitor intelligence can be seen as a problematic subject as it often features a fine line between ethical and unethical. Another part of environmental scanning is global scanning, which is important for organizations with global activities. In a complex and dynamic environment managers broaden their view to gather global information. â€Å"For instance, they can subscribe to information clipping services that review world newspapers and business periodicals and provide summaries of desired information (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 277). One can say that this technique is very suitable for an unstable and dynamic environment, because it helps to foresee the environment and consequentially helps to realign, if necessary, the organizational goals and plans. On the other hand, gathered information can be interpreted wrongly, which can trigger a chain-reaction from wrong forcasting to wrong goals and plans. A second technique to evaluate the environment is forecasting. Forecasting is a prediction of outcomes, which will help to identify events that will happen in the future. The common consent about this method is that is effective and time efficient. The ultimate goal of forecasting is to facilitate decision making through gathering information. There are two different forecasting techniques. One is quantitative forecasting, which is preferred when sufficient and hard data is given. It is based on historical data and tries to predict outcomes. The other one is qualitative forecasting, which uses personal judgment and knowledge to predict outcomes. This technique is used when hard data is limited or hard to gather. â€Å"First, it’s important to understand that forecasting techniques are most accurate when the environment is not rapidly changing. The more dynamic the environment, the more likely managers are to forecast ineffectively. † (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 79) 4 However, forecasting lacks the ability to effectively predict events like recessions or the actions of competitors. That leads to the assumption that organizations shouldn’t rely on a single forecasting method, but should use several models to be on the safer side. But the challenge for managers is to interpret and then implement the information into the planning decisions. Finally orga nizations must remember that forecasting, as a marginal skill, can be trained and improved. A third technique to assess the environment is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a tool to improve an organizations performance by adapting outstanding practices from the top organizations within the environment. Studies verify the statement, â€Å"that users have achieved 69 percent faster growth and 45 percent greater productivity† (Robbins Coulter, 2011, p. 279) when using benchmarking. Benchmarking can be seen as a four step approach. It starts with the forming of a benchmarking planning team. The second step continues with the gathering of information and external data. Thirdly, when all data is gathered the analysis to identify performance gaps takes place. The last step is the preparing and implementing of an action plan. (Based on Y. K. Shetty, â€Å"Aiming high: Competitive Benchmarking for Superior Performance,† Long Range Planning, February 1993, p. 42) Managers use benchmarking as a tool to approach the leading position of their competitors without overtaking them. And if all organizations work inefficiently it won’t be revealed. So this technique should not be followed in a dynamic environment, because it increases the likelihood that a manager will ‘copy’ the mistakes others make. So one can say â€Å"Plans serve as a road map, although the destination may change due to dynamic market conditions† (Robbins Coulter, 2009, p. 170). III. Conclusion To sum up, one can say that planning is very helpful and necessary but it can be misleading. No matter how many planning tools managers use, they can only plan effectively if they understand how planning in dynamic environment works. They have to keep in mind that planning should only be used as an indicator of what could potentially happen in the future. I believe that planning should not be abandoned, but improved. 5 IV. References Robbins Coulter, S. P. R. M. C. , (2009). ‘Planning’. In: Pearson International Edition (ed), Management. 10th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.. pp. (133-174). Robbins Coulter, S. P. R. M. C. , (2011). ‘Planning’. In: Pearson Global Edition (ed), Management. 11th ed. : Pearson Education, Inc.. pp. (204-276). Prof. Dr. Christian Landau, Principles of Management, 24. Sep. 2012 (Session 2), EBS Universitat fur Wirtschaft und Recht, Oestrich-Winkel How to cite Complex and Dynamic Business World, Essay examples

Demand and supply for eggs free essay sample

Introduction Demand and supply is one of the most essential fundamental concepts of economics and it controls the behavior of market economy. Purpose of assignment is to study the reasons for increase in price of egg over the period. Egg price at markets may be affected by many factors related to demand and supply. Article says that the main cause for the price increase attributed to increases in price of inputs, especially in feed prices. In order to elaborate the topic, economic models/concepts such as price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross elasticity of demand are being used. These models will give a clear explanation about how the demand has changed in different situations. However, it is required to study all factors those are affecting to demand and supply in order to obtain a clear understanding about the market. 2. How the prices of egg get increase in the market? According to prices listed on the National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC) website, the wholesale rates of eggs have gone up by nearly 47% in the last five years. Egg prices could increase either due to increase in demand for eggs or decrease in supply of eggs. Following graphs will further explain effects on the price due to changes in demand and supply. As shown in figure 1 increase in demand from D-D1 leads to increase in the quantity and as well as the price and in figure 2 it shows decrease in supply from S-S1 leads to decrease the quantity and increase the prices of eggs. 3. Supply factors Supply means the quantity of a product that a producer is  willing and able to supply  onto the market  at a given price in a given period of time. According to the content of the article egg farmers find it difficult to supply their products at a lower price due to various reasons. Major reason for increase in price of egg is increasing price of feed. â€Å"The feed for hens mainly consists of maize, soya, sunflower, maize bran, fishmeal. Prices of those items have been rising by around 25 to 30% annually†. Due to this situation farmers will have to bare a high cost and therefore their profits are likely to go down at a higher rate. There may be other factors which have led to increase prices of eggs such as increase in overheads such as administration cost and losses for deaths of laying hens due to diseases like bird flu and also lack of protection from government for poultry products. In order to increase the supply and control the cost of production government can give subsidies to farmers and also remove taxes imposed on eggs and other products which affect prices of eggs. However, increased market price of eggs encourages new farmers to enter the market and supply will help to reduce the market price in the long run. Nevertheless some farmers may leave the industry for it does not generate more profits due to high production cost. We are getting at Rs 4. 50 per egg and we are selling it at Rs. 5.00 As egg is a primary product, therefor supply cannot be increased in a shorter period of time. Due to high cost on inputs new firms may be reluctant to enter the market. 4. Demand factors Demand  is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are  willing and able to buy  at a  given price in a given time period. Demand may change due to various reasons such as purchasing power, prices of substitutes, prices of complementary products, income level of peop le, changes in consumption patterns and taste, population factors and advertising by retailers. .Price elasticity of demand for eggs Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a  change in its price. During the month of December demand is likely to be inelastic for eggs as it’s an essential ingredient in Christmas goodies from puddings to cakes. Demand is inelastic when the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. â€Å"Prices of eggs have seen an increase of 30% as compared to the rates prevalent during the month of December last year. † As mentioned in the article average wholesale price of 100 eggs was around Rs. 225. 27 in 2009 it has increased to Rs. 331. 80 at the end of the current year. Due to inelasticity of demand, suppliers are able to gain larger income by increasing prices of eggs. It is shown in the diagram below. However, this situation is likely to change during other months of the year. People may reduce the demand if the prices are too high and they will switch into other substitute goods such as fish, meat or imported eggs if their prices are lower than domestic eggs. Therefore eggs tend to have an elastic and inelastic demand during different seasons. .2 Income elasticity of demand Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in income. Product like an egg tends to be a normal good as the demand does not increase due to the change in income. Consumers purchase this product only when it is necessary therefore YED is positive but less than one. Increasing prices during the month of December may affect the disposable income of consumers. .3 Cross elasticity of demand Cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the  demand  for a  good  to a change in the price of another good. With cross price elasticity we make an important distinction between substitute products and complementary goods. It is hard to identify close substitutes for eggs. Positive XED shows substitute goods. As substitutes we can show fish, meat and other types of eggs (goose, duck and bantam). Negative XED explains complementary products for eggs. There are many food products which eggs are used as an input.Eg:-cakes, puddings. Following shows a relationship between two complementary goods. It shows increase in the price of good Y leads to decrease in demand for good X. 5. Other factors lead to increase/decrease demand. Demand for eggs may change due to consumer taste. Due to health issues like cholesterol and issues like bird flu lead to reduce the demand for eggs. Rapid increase in population in India tends to increase demand and more low and middle incom e people tend to consume more eggs and therefore the demand for eggs increase. More over advertising by retailers persuade people to buy eggs without making them move into other substitute goods and these lead to increase/decrease demand for eggs. 6. Conclusion Taking into consideration all the above information we can identify that many factors are affecting the price of eggs. Some factors offset results of the other and mostly cost of feed had led to increase in cost of eggs. However, this could reduce by providing subsidies to farmers and other incentives in order to increase the output and reduce the cost.

African-American Tennis Champion Althea Gibson Quotes

African-American Tennis Champion Althea Gibson Quotes Althea Gibson, a sharecroppers daughter raised on welfare mostly in New York City, learned tennis through public clubs. She rose to become the first African-American to play at Forest Hills and in the Wimbledon championships, and the first African-American to win either. Althea Gibson broke the color barrier in tennis, helping make possible the later careers of other African-American tennis players including Arthur Ashe and Venus and Serena Williams. Selected Althea Gibson Quotations I hope that I have accomplished just one thing: that I have been a credit to tennis and my country.I want the public to remember me as they knew me: athletic, smart, and healthy... Remember me strong and tough and quick, fleet of foot and tenacious.I always wanted to be somebody. If I made it, its half because I was game enough to take a lot of punishment along the way and half because there were a lot of people who cared enough to help me.I dont want to be put on a pedestal. I just want to be reasonably successful and live a normal life with all the conveniences to make it so. I think Ive already got the main thing Ive always wanted, which is to be somebody, to have identity. Im Althea Gibson, the tennis champion. I hope it makes me happy.No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helped you.In the field of sports, you are more or less accepted for what you do rather than what you are.I knew that I was an unusual, talented girl through the grace of God. I didnt need to prove that to myself. I only wanted to prove it to my opponents. In sports, you simply arent considered a real champion until you have defended your title successfully. Winning it once can be a fluke; winning it twice proves you are the best.Most of us who aspire to be tops in our fields dont really consider the amount of work required to stay tops.People thought I was ruthless, which I was. I didnt give a darn who was on the other side of the net. Id knock you down if you got in my way.I just wanted to play, play, play.I was born too soon. Quotes About Althea Gibson Alice Marble, 1950, in American Lawn Tennis magazine: The entrance of Negroes into national tennis is as inevitable as it has proven in baseball, in football, or in boxing; there is no denying so much talent. The committee at Forest Hills has the power to stifle the efforts of one Althea Gibson, who may or may not be succeeded by others of her race who have equal or superior ability. They will knock at the door as she has done. Eventually, the tennis world will rise up en masse to protest the injustices perpetrated by our policymakers. Eventually why not now? New York Times writer Robert Thomas, jr., 1953: The lean and muscular young woman had a dominating serve, and her long, graceful reach often stunned opponents. New York Times writer Neil Amdur, 1955: She hits the ball and plays like a man. Betty Debnaun, principal of the new Althea Gibson Early Childhood Education Academy, 1999: Its only fitting to name the school after a woman as great as Althea Gibson. She excelled in everything she did. Shes a living legend. New York Times writer Ira Berkow: She was the Jackie Robinson of tennis, being first and doing it with so much pride and dignity. But she was also not like Jackie in that she never came out aggressive. Venus Williams, 2003: I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps. Her accomplishments set the stage for my success, and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come, her legacy will live on.

Exploration of the New World essays

Exploration of the New World essays 1. The most significant change to Europeans and Native Americans both were disease. Disease from both cultures, each had their own effects on the other but no matter what the effects the diseases devastated both populations, none more than the native Americans. When the Europeans first arrived they brought along many new and different things the natives had never heard of or seen, one of these things was smallpox, this disease was disastrous in Europe when it first showed up so when brought to the new world they took over the natives and wiped them out. This affected the native population in everyway socially, economically, and culturally. When some of the survivors had built immunity to these diseases they were forever changed to have to now live by European control. The Europeans brought back with them syphilis, a std, that was contracted by having sex with the native women. When taken back to Europe the women and men their had no idea what had happened and had to adjust medically and physically to accommodate the disease. 2. Exploration in itself was one of the greatest changes to both cultures. With the Europeans expanding out to find trade routes to the east they stumbled upon the new world. With this they met the natives of the land. It changed European culture, now instead of having a single minded approach they found that there were other people who did different things. The biggest change to the Europeans was economically because now they had slavery a cheap and easy way to get a lot of work done. With the addition of slavery to Europe landowners could get many things done for very little price. The natives culture however changed for the worse, with slavery came the breaking up of families and the shipping of men and women across the Atlantic, some of which never survived the trip. 3. Finally the third most significant change, was exploration. Europeans used exploration to search out and claim new ...

Women on the Texas Frontier Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women on the Texas Frontier - Assignment Example Jacqueline Reiner points out various barriers that hindered Southern Women from moving out of the woman’s sphere; creating a scenario where only a few were able to move out of the woman’s sphere. The first barrier is associated with the fact that majority of the public offices were not open to the nineteenth century women (Jacqueline, pg. 53). The other issue that might have contributed to the essence of few women moving out of the woman’s sphere is the fact that women were only allowed to participate actively in churches, schools as well as in voluntary religious activities. The institutions of slavery during the early nineteenth century, especially among the Southern Women might have also contributed to the wide acceptance of the woman’s sphere among the white and the black women (Jacqueline, pg. 57). However, after the American Civil war, some of the Southern Women were compelled by social necessities to extend the essence of woman’s sphere to other social setting, thus they worked in public places like bars as bar tenders while a few were provided with opportunities for formal education (Jacqueline, pg. 58). On the other hand, some few women managed to join women’s organizations as well as clubs creating a scenario where only a few managed to move out of the woman’s

Marketing Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example The marketing decides about what to produce and where to position and sell the product – which market segment to cater or how to differentiate the product from competition. Correct identification of all these tasks in proper direction is of paramount importance that eventually makes the organization thrive with ever increasing sales. It will be most appropriate to explore how the marketing function can turn the tides in company’s favor so that the company is put on high trajectory of growth with thumping profits. Smith (2011) argues that some airlines increase their costs by 25 percent just to get additional 5 percent of the market. It just does not make sense if profitability is one of the goals. Southwest airlines continued with a strategy of low pricing for over 4 decades albeit with a focus on target market and that concept always stayed with the company. In a short distance travel, Southwest Airlines identified the customer needs as flexible and efficient travel, l esser time in boarding, timely service and of course, the affordable price. Southwest Airlines met with these needs of its customers by removing meals, no preselecting of seat, no first class travel, no booking through agent. In short, it was a selection between satisfying every customer at high cost or satisfying a vast majority at low cost and the Southwest Airlines smartly decided to choose the latter. Southwest continues with this philosophy even today. It operates with efficiency and without any extra frills when compared with competitors. At low cost, it still makes profit and continues to grow. The Starbucks Coffee Company is one of the fastest growing organization and worth mentioning for its prudent marketing strategies; especially, small businesses can learn a lot from the company. Starting with just one store about 30 years ago, currently the company owns thousands of outlets in the US and abroad with the total revenue exceeding $4 billion. Starbucks does not put ad in ne wspapers or a billboard or a poster. They focus on product quality providing delicious taste and aroma. Customer satisfaction has been their main guiding principle and in keeping with that the company has added more flavors in their serving, high speed wire-less internet capability in their outlets and pleasant environment. Their product and services speak for themselves through word-of-mouth publicity discarding any need for a high-level ad campaign. Apple Inc. is a classic case of innovation and product development that firmly establishes the company as most sought after in the market place so far its products are concerned. Apple came out with iPod, iTunes, iPhone and then the App Store. The iPod found the gap in MP3 player market and promptly filled the gap to grab over 70 percent market share; that is unprecedented in the history. In the field of tablet computer, iPad’s market share is over 50 percent – much ahead of its nearest rival Samsung who is languishing at meager 18 percent market share. In smart phone market, iPhone’s market share has risen by 10 percentage points to touch

Corporate startegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate startegy - Essay Example Later, on 31 March 1974, the merger of all the four companies resulted in the formation of the British Airways. The company started its expansion by acquiring British Caledonian in the year 1987 and Dan-Air in the year 1992. It has formed an alliance with the American Airlines, Qantas, Cathay Pacific and Canadian Airlines. This alliance is the third largest alliance after Star Alliance and the Sky Team. The parent company of British Airways, International Airlines Group, is a listed company in the FTSE 100 Index and the London Stock Exchange. The dedication of the volunteers along with the collection of arts and the loyalty and the generosity of the employees and the former colleagues has helped the company to achieve a successful position in the United Kingdom. As already mentioned above, the British Airways is a merger of the four companies BOAC, BEA, Cambrian Airways and the North East Airlines. The current alliance of the company along with the American Airlines, Qantas, Cathay Pacific and Canadian Airlines has made it the third largest alliance. The company is presently operating in 150 different destinations, six of which are located in the domestic land. British Airways is one of the top premium airlines in the world. It provides vital arteries for investment and trade, at the same time meeting the demands of the customers for the holiday trips and family reunion as well as the business travel. World Cargo which is the subsidiary of the British Airways is the twelfth largest cargo airline in the whole world in respect of tonne fright kilometres which is travelled. BA CityFlyer which is a fully owned subsidiary of British Airways operates and carries its customers to twenty different destinations in Europe. Although it focuses mainly on the financial markets, but it has extended its operations and recently achieved a successful position in the leisure market also. There are various